Colon cancer, also called colorectal cancer, is a complex condition that affects many adults in the United States. Learning about the condition is a first step toward understanding its risk factors and outcomes. Here are three key points to evaluate about this cancer, each supported by foundational information on causes, symptoms, and treatment options:
What Is Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer begins in the large intestine, typically starting as small clumps of cells called polyps. Some of these polyps may develop into cancer over time. The process is gradual and often goes unnoticed in the early stages because symptoms may not appear immediately.
The disease can affect any part of the colon or rectum. Medical professionals often refer to it as colorectal cancer because it may involve both areas. Detecting this cancer at earlier stages can improve the outlook for individuals diagnosed with the condition.
What Causes It?
The causes of this cancer are linked to changes, or mutations, in the DNA of colon cells. These genetic changes can result from inherited traits, but most cases are sporadic, meaning they occur by chance. Environmental factors play a role, including dietary choices such as a diet high in red or processed meats, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Age is also a factor in the development of colon cancer, with risk increasing after age 50. Family history may contribute as well, especially if close relatives have experienced colon or rectal cancer. Other risk factors include certain inherited conditions or a long history of inflammatory bowel disease.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of this cancer can vary depending on the location and stage of the disease. Common signs include changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation that does not resolve, or blood in the stool. Some individuals may notice ongoing abdominal discomfort, including cramps, gas, or pain. Unexplained weight loss and persistent fatigue may also signal the presence of colon cancer.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment typically depends on the stage, size, and location of the tumor. Removing cancerous tissue through surgery is a common approach, especially if the cancer is found early and has not spread. Surgery may involve removing part of the colon or the entire colon, depending on the extent of the disease.
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are other options that may be used separately or in combination with surgery. Chemotherapy uses medications to stop the growth of cancer cells, while radiation therapy relies on high-energy beams to target affected areas. The use and sequence of these treatments vary for each individual based on a clinical evaluation.
What Else Should You Know About Colon Cancer?
There are three central evaluations regarding colon cancer:
- Screening makes a difference. This cancer often develops slowly and can be detected early with routine screening methods such as colonoscopy, which allows healthcare providers to find and remove polyps before they become cancerous.
- Lifestyle factors may play a role. Maintaining a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco may help reduce risk.
- Risk exists across age groups. While risk increases with age, cases have been observed in younger adults. Being aware of family medical history and speaking with a healthcare professional about personalized screening recommendations is advisable.
Learn More Today
Colon cancer is a significant health concern, but information about its diagnosis, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options is available. Adults are encouraged to consult with medical professionals regarding individualized screening and potential risk factors. Ongoing education and proactive discussions can help inform better decisions about health and wellness.
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